George M. Young. The Russian Cosmists : The Esoteric Futurism of Nikolai Fedorov and His Followers. — New York, 2012

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preface ix

 

1. The Spiritual Geography of Russian Cosmism 3

 

2. Forerunners of Russian Cosmism 12

 

3. The Russian Philosophical Context 21

 

4. The Religious and Spiritual Context 27

 

5. The Russian Esoteric Context 36

 

6. Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov (1829–1903), the Philosopher of the Common Task 46

 

7. The “Common Task” 76

 

8. The Religious Cosmists 92

 

9. The Scientific Cosmists 145

 

10. Promethean Theurgy 177

 

11. Fedorov's Twentieth-Century Followers 193

 

12. Cosmism and Its Offshoots Today 219

 

Notes 243

Bibliography 261 

Index 275

 

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This study began some years ago, in 1964, in a Yale graduate school seminar on Dostoevsky taught by Robert Louis Jackson. As I recall, ten or twelve of us were in the seminar, and early in the term Professor Jackson gave us a list of some ten or twelve topics for weekly reports. We chose by our order in the class roll, and I watched in dismay as one after another all the best “Dostoevsky-and” topics were chosen: Bakhtin, Vyacheslav Ivanov, the Elder Amvrosy, Dickens, Pushkin, Images of Childhood, the Ideal of Beauty. When the choice reached me, as last in the alphabet, two topics were left, neither of which I had ever heard of. So, having no idea what I was in for, I chose Nikolai Fedorov. The first information I found about him came from a footnote to Dolinin’s edition of Dostoevsky’s letters, and reading that footnote again and again I began to think to myself: this is a big idea! When the week for my report came, I gave it and have been thinking and writing about Fedorov and topics related to him since.

 

This study presents several corrections and a great many updates, and is an adventurous outgrowth of my 1979 book, Nikolai Fedorov: An Introduction. When I wrote that work, I was not a proponent of Fedorov’s teachings but admired the strength and boldness of his philosophical imagination. Over the years, my attitude to Fedorov’s ideas has not changed significantly, and in writing the present book I find that I view the thoughts of most of the other Cosmists much in the same way I view Fedorov’s: hugely fascinating, inspiring, stimulating, but not ideas I would insist that friends and readers drop everything to live by. Mental health warning: fascinating as they are, at least to me, all the Cosmists were and are highly controversial—some would say even kooky—thinkers, recommended for mature audiences only.

 

In mechanical matters, the translations are mine unless otherwise noted. In the notes and bibliography I have used a standard system of transliteration, but in the body of the text I have used familiar English spellings rather than consistent transliterations for certain Russian words and names. In quoting other commentary in English, I have used that authors spelling of Russian names instead of changing them to be consistent with my spellings.

 

Over the years, many people, some no longer alive, have supported and helped my writing in general and my work on Fedorov and the Cosmists in particular. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them, but will mention only a few teachers, colleagues, friends, and editors: Gale Carrithers, William Blackburn, Reynolds Price, Fred Chappell, Wallace Kaufman, Robert Louis Jackson, Victor Erlich, Richard Gustafson, Rene Wellek, Michael Holquist, John Dunlop, Gordon Livermore, George Zimmar, George L. Kline, William F. Buckley, Jeffrey Hart, Peter Jarotski, Walter Arndt, Robert Siegel, James Tatum, Charles Stinson, Anouar Majid, Matthew Anderson, Susan McHugh, Lee Irwin, Maria Carlson, Kristi Groberg, Bernice Rosenthal, Betty Bland, Richard Smoley, John Algeo, David London, Svetlana Semenova, Anastasia Gacheva, Valery Borisov, Julie Scott, Steven Armstrong, Cynthia Read, and Ben Sadock. I am grateful to the University of New England librarians for help in research, and to the Center for Global Humanities of the University of New England for generous financial assistance to complete research and writing. Most important of all to me over these many years has been the love and support of my wife Patricia, son Roy, daughter Susannah, and son–in–law Patrick. Always in my mind, I wish to dedicate this book to the memory of my parents, George and Mary Ella Young, and my sister Patricia Pryor.

 

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